Which format is likely to be least effective without instructor support?

Online tutorials may be the least effective format without instructor support because they generally rely on self-directed learning. While they provide accessible information and can be useful for individuals who are already familiar with the material, they often lack interaction and immediate clarification that an instructor can provide. Instructors can facilitate understanding, answer questions, and offer guidance, which is particularly valuable when learners encounter difficulties or have complex inquiries.

Hands-on workshops, lecture notes, and user manuals typically involve structured learning environments or provide comprehensive resources that can help learners grasp concepts independently, especially when they can practice alongside an instructor or follow detailed instructions. In contrast, online tutorials may leave learners feeling isolated without an instructor to help navigate the content or address misunderstandings in real-time.